Sudan: One Year into a Forgotten War

 While global and Turkish media remain focused on the tragedy unfolding in Gaza, the immense suffering endured by the Sudanese people receives little attention.

From Sudan to the Congo to Ethiopia’s Tigray region, the scale of human tragedy is overwhelming. Yet when it comes to Africa, images of famine, drought, civil wars, skeletal children, barefoot families walking endless miles in search of safety, and the hardships of refugee camps no longer strike the world as “something new.”

Sudan — Africa’s third-largest country — has now been at war for a full year. And with every passing day, the suffering of its people only deepens.

What Happened in Sudan?

The war broke out on April 15 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Since then, nearly 14,000 people have been killed and over seven million forced to flee their homes. (The true figures are likely much higher, as many deaths go unrecorded.)

The conflict, concentrated mainly in central and western Sudan, continues despite international mediation efforts. Schools have shut down, farmers cannot cultivate their land, food is scarce, health services have collapsed, and with no medicines or medical supplies, the sick cannot be treated.

Sudan’s civil war is not new — it is an extension of the country’s troubled history. Since independence, Sudan has witnessed 35 coups. The north–south conflict lasted for five decades, and the Darfur war raged for 15 years. In 2003, militias known as the Janjaweed (“devils on horseback”), supported by then-President Omar al-Bashir, brutally crushed a rebellion in Darfur, killing thousands.

The conflicts eventually led to South Sudan’s secession in 2011, after a war that killed over two million people and displaced millions more. By 2013, the Janjaweed were reorganized into the Rapid Support Forces, a parallel army prepared for future wars.

In 2019, the Sudanese people rose up for freedom, peace, and democracy, overthrowing Omar al-Bashir’s 30-year dictatorship. But the Sovereignty Council that followed, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and his deputy General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemeti), failed to bring stability.

A power struggle soon erupted between the two generals. Hemeti’s close ties with Russia, financial backing from Gulf states wary of Burhan, and his vast wealth from Sudan’s gold mines emboldened him to challenge the Sudanese army head-on. The rivalry spiraled into a devastating war.

Despite efforts by countries including Turkey and various international organizations to broker peace, Sudan faces a bleak future.

 

A People Facing Hunger and Disease

More than half of Sudan’s population is in urgent need of humanitarian aid. As always, women and children bear the heaviest burden.

Over 70% of the country’s health facilities are out of service, fueling outbreaks of cholera, malaria, measles, and other epidemics. Malnutrition and untreated illnesses are killing children.

Many who try to escape do not survive the treacherous journeys. Those who reach neighboring countries like Chad — itself facing dire economic hardship — struggle to survive in desperate conditions.

International resolve to save Sudan has weakened compared to the early days of the conflict.

 

A Brutal Power Struggle

While Palestinians are massacred by Israelis acting on a Zionist doctrine rooted in religion and race, Sudan suffers a different horror: people of the same faith and nation slaughtering one another.

This war is not new — it is the culmination of unresolved conflicts that have long plagued Sudan.

Mohamed Mohjoub Haroon, professor of social sciences at the University of Khartoum and former director of the Peace Research Institute, explains that the RSF has fought in Yemen, trafficked people to Europe via Libya, and even been used by the European Union to patrol Sudan’s northern borders.

Haroon rejects attempts to frame the war as a conflict between Arab and African tribes, calling it misleading and reductionist:

“Sudanese people — Arab or African — have lived together for centuries. Cultures are deeply intertwined. To describe this as an Arab–African war is absolutely wrong. While the RSF has recruited heavily from certain tribes, this is not a tribal war.”

In reality, RSF fighters massacre civilians who refuse to join them, seizing their homes and looting their possessions. Women endure the worst: subjected to humiliation, rape, abduction, forced servitude, and sexual violence.

Even in camps for displaced persons, survival is grim. In Darfur’s vast Zamzam camp, a child dies every two hours from hunger. Since May, humanitarian aid — the camp’s lifeline — has ceased to arrive.

Across Sudan, internet blackouts are frequent. When the RSF cuts off communications, massacres often follow.

The world, meanwhile, looks away. During Ramadan, the RSF even ignored calls for a ceasefire, escalating its campaign of terror. Each day, more civilians fall into urgent need.

The United Nations has called the conflict “one of the worst humanitarian nightmares in recent history.” It threatens to trigger the world’s largest hunger crisis.

If international indifference continues and the warring factions resist peace, the massacres will reach unimaginable levels. And the longer the war drags on, the greater the cost and effort required to rebuild Sudan in its aftermath.

 

Sources:

  This article was originially published in Independent Türkçe, on April 16, 2024.

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